A Smart Meter Design and Implementation Using ZigBee Based Wireless Sensor Network in Smart Grid

Abstract

In this paper Wireless Sensor Home Area Network (WSHAN) with ZigBee interfaced smart meter is designed and implemented. Because of the increasing demands on electricity, traditional electric grid needs to be replaced with intelligent, robust, reliable and costly effective smart grid applications. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has a critical role to set up a reliable and costly effective smart electric power grid applications. Our system measures energy usage, logs data real time and shows time of use (TOU) values. The system also controls any device connected to power outputs. While powering on and off, zero-cross of AC signal is detected to calculate phase shift. The smart meter provides correct power usage and transmits data with ZigBee to PC (Personal Computer). The user monitors the power information and remotely controls the system.

Existing System

Multiple Knapsack Method.

Proposed System

In this paper Wireless Sensor Home Area Network (WSHAN) with ZigBee interfaced smart meter was designed, implemented and tested. Our system measures energy usage, logs data real time and controls any device connected to power outputs. The power usage was measured by the smart meter prototype and the calculated data was transmitted through ZigBee communication to PC (Personal Computer). With the PC software, scheduling with TOU pricing showed that it creates an economic expenditure for consumer and it is all the same for the utility side. The main objective of the research is developing and testing SM offers consumers to read the real time data which give the idea of power consumption real time and pricing information. The other objective is to optimize home energy usage and help home energy cost saving. TOU pricing is calculated in the PC side software system processes and stores the data of 1) power measurements; 2) time and date; 3) load priority; and 4) prices of the electricity. Also the software schedules load from top consumption hours to low price energy generation hours with the user settings. The New approach of our design is the use of circuit breaker relay which gives the advantage of protection against over voltages. We detect also zero-cross of AC signal to calculate phase shift and turn on and off the devices with solid state relay which gives the advantage of fast switching and high current conducting. We measured power usage of three unit devices which are a LCD TV, satellite receiver and home theater sound system with the same hub. We collected the data and transfer it with the communication path to the coordinator node and stored to the data base successfully.

Architecture

Block diagram of the control unit