Smart Dustbin using Esp8266

Abstract

Waste collection and management is an integrated part of both city and village life. Lack of optimized and efficient waste collection system vastly affect public health and costs more. The prevailing traditional waste collection system is neither optimized nor efficient. Internet of Things (IoT) has been playing a great role in making human life easier by making systems smart, adequate and self-sufficient. Thus, this proposed system proposes an IoT based efficient waste collection system with smart bins. It does real-time monitoring of the waste bins and determines which bins are to emptied in every cycle of waste collection. The system also presents an enhanced navigation system that shows the best route to collect wastes from the selected bins. Four waste bins are assumed in the city of Mount Pleasant, Michigan at random location. The proposed system decreases the travel distance by 30.76% on an average in the assumed scenario, compared to the traditional waste collection system. Thus it reduces the fuel cost and human labor making the system optimized and efficient by enabling real-time monitoring and enhanced navigation.

Existing System

The existing system proposed a smart garbage monitoring and collection system which can monitor the real-time garbage level. WeMos D1 mini is used as the main processing unit of the system. This Arduino board is equipped with an HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor which measures the waste level in the bin. When any client connects to the specified IP that the project board is assigned to, the system gets activated and starts collecting and publishing data. Otherwise, the system remains in sleep and saves energy.

Proposed System

The proposed waste collection system monitors all the waste bins of the defined area and update which bins need to be emptied in any cycle of collection of the waste. It enables real-time monitoring of the waste level, odor and waste condition of the bins. The system can also monitor the temperature and humidity of the bins. The proposed system also shows the most optimized route which uses Google API. The waste bins of the system are equipped with an embedded system which acts as IoT edge nodes. These nodes collect the information from the bins and are capable of communication over Wi-Fi. The collected data are stored in the IoT cloud and analyzed there. The data from the cloud are then published to the Thingspeak private channel as the user interface. IR sensor and Ultrasonic sensor (HC-SR04) in the node measures the fill status (filled or unfilled) and fill percentage respectively. ESP8266 collects all these data from the sensors and send them to the cloud over Wi-Fi. It continuously sends real-time data regarding fill status, fills percentage, VOC level, humidity and temperature data to the cloud through Arduino microcontroller and Wi-Fi module. Google API is used to collect location of filled bins in the city. So that admin can send waste collecting truck to the filled bin’s location. The collected data are from the cloud are then published to the Thingspeak private channel as the user interface.

Architecture

BLOCK DIAGRAM